Evolution of Beta Defensin Genes
- Primate beta-defensin genes have undergone duplication and selection in evolution.
- Duplication and selection have played a role in the evolution of primate beta-defensin genes.
- The evolution of primate beta-defensin genes involves duplication and selection.
- Primate beta-defensin genes have evolved through duplication and selection.
- Duplication and selection have shaped the evolution of primate beta-defensin genes.
Structural Properties of Beta Defensins
- The structure of human beta-defensin-1 provides new insights into the structural properties of beta-defensins.
- Human beta-defensin-1 has a specific structure that reveals important structural properties of beta-defensins.
- The structure of human beta-defensin-1 sheds light on the structural properties of beta-defensins.
- Human beta-defensin-1 exhibits structural properties that are characteristic of beta-defensins.
- The structural properties of beta-defensins can be better understood through the study of human beta-defensin-1.
Two Independent Protein Superfamilies
- The defensins consist of two independent protein superfamilies.
- Two independent protein superfamilies make up the defensins.
- The defensins are composed of two protein superfamilies that evolved independently.
- Two protein superfamilies converge to form the defensins.
- The defensins are the result of the convergence of two independent protein superfamilies.
Convergent Evolution of Platypus and Reptile Venom Genes
- Defensins and venom genes in platypus and reptiles have evolved through convergent evolution.
- The evolution of defensins and venom genes in platypus and reptiles shows convergent evolution.
- Convergent evolution has led to similarities between defensins and venom genes in platypus and reptiles.
- Defensins and venom genes in platypus and reptiles share a common evolutionary origin through convergent evolution.
- The convergent evolution of defensins and venom genes is observed in platypus and reptiles.
Chromosomal Mapping of Beta Defensin Genes
- The gene encoding human beta-defensin-2 (DEFB2) is mapped to chromosome region 8p22-p23.1.
- Human beta-defensin-2 (DEFB2) is located on chromosome region 8p22-p23.1.
- Chromosomal mapping reveals that human beta-defensin-2 (DEFB2) is located on chromosome region 8p22-p23.1.
- The location of human beta-defensin-2 (DEFB2) on chromosome region 8p22-p23.1 is determined through chromosomal mapping.
- Chromosomal mapping has identified the location of human beta-defensin-2 (DEFB2) on chromosome region 8p22-p23.1.
Beta defensins are a family of vertebrate defensins. The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization.
| Beta defensin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Defensin_beta | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00711 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001855 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1bnb / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 54 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 1ut3 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Defensins are 2-6 kDa, cationic, microbicidal peptides active against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses, containing three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds. On the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding, mammalian defensins are classified into alpha, beta and theta categories. Every mammalian species explored thus far has beta-defensins. In cows, as many as 13 beta-defensins exist in neutrophils. However, in other species, beta-defensins are more often produced by epithelial cells lining various organs (e.g. the epidermis, bronchial tree and genitourinary tract.
Human, rabbit and guinea-pig beta-defensins, as well as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, resulting in the release of histamine and prostaglandin D2.
