Classification, Definition, and Pathophysiology - Cracked tooth syndrome is a type of dental trauma characterised by a fracture plane passing through tooth structure. - If left untreated, it can lead to irreversible pulpitis, pulpal necrosis, and periapical periodontitis. - The pain is caused by the fractured sections of the tooth moving independently and activating A-type nociceptors in the dentin-pulp complex. - Cold stimuli may also cause pain due to the leakage of noxious substances via the crack, irritating the pulp. - If the fracture propagates further into the root, a periodontal defect or vertical root fracture may develop.

Signs and Symptoms - Symptoms of cracked tooth syndrome include sharp pain when biting on a certain tooth, worsened by increased biting force or certain types of food. - Rebound pain, pain when grinding the teeth, sensitivity to cold beverages or foods, and pain with sugary substances may also be present. - Symptoms can be present for months before diagnosis.

Diagnosis and Epidemiology - Diagnosing cracked tooth syndrome can be challenging, as symptoms can mimic other conditions. - Diagnostic techniques include clinical examination, stains to visualize fractures, transillumination, radiographs, and bite tests. - Cracked tooth syndrome has a multifactorial etiology and can be caused by previous restorative procedures, occlusal factors, trauma, and other factors. - Mandibular molars are the most commonly affected teeth, followed by maxillary premolars and molars.

History and Definitions - The term "cuspal fracture odontalgia" was suggested by Gibbs in 1954, and the term "cracked tooth syndrome" was coined by Cameron in 1964. - Cracked tooth syndrome is defined as an incomplete fracture of a vital posterior tooth involving dentin and occasionally extending into the pulp. - Accurate diagnosis is important for appropriate treatment and differentiation from other dental conditions.

Management and Treatment, Research and Publications - Management options for cracked tooth syndrome include conservative approaches, restorative options, endodontic treatment, and extraction as a last resort. - Individualised treatment plans should be based on the patient's condition and preferences. - Prominent studies and articles on cracked tooth syndrome have been conducted by researchers like Banerji, Mehta, Millar, Mathew, Thangavel, and Das. - Evidence-based dentistry plays a crucial role in understanding and managing cracked tooth syndrome. - Dental journals contribute to disseminating knowledge on cracked tooth syndrome and advancements in diagnosis and treatment.