Signs and symptoms of gingivitis - Swollen gums - Bright red gums - Tender or painful gums - Bleeding gums after brushing and flossing - Bad breath (halitosis)

Complications of gingivitis - Recurrence of gingivitis - Periodontitis - Infection or abscess of the gingiva or jaw bones - Trench mouth (bacterial infection and ulceration of the gums) - Swollen lymph nodes

Potential link between gingivitis and Alzheimer's disease - Gingivitis bacteria may be linked to Alzheimer's disease - P. gingivalis bacteria can migrate from the mouth to the brain in mice - P. gingivalis can reproduce features of Alzheimer's disease in the brain - More research is needed to establish a cause and effect link

Causes and diagnosis of gingivitis - Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most common form of gingival disease - Bacterial plaque is the cause of plaque-induced gingivitis - Destruction of gingival tissues can occur due to the body's host response - Gingivitis is a category of periodontal disease without bone loss - Diagnosis of gingivitis is done through a comprehensive periodontal exam

Treatment and prevention of gingivitis - Removal of plaque is the focus of treatment - Regular visits to a dental professional and oral hygiene home care are recommended - Methods for prevention can also be used for treatment, such as scaling, root planing, and mouthwashes - Powered toothbrushes are more effective than manual toothbrushes - Active ingredients like triclosan and chlorhexidine reduce plaque and inflammation - Prevention strategies include brushing teeth twice a day, flossing daily, using mouthwash, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding tobacco products - Treatment options include professional dental cleaning, antibacterial mouthwash, topical antibiotics, dental procedures to remove plaque and tartar, and improved oral hygiene practices