Causes and Risk Factors of Dental Abrasion
- Friction from aggressive tooth brushing techniques
- Use of toothbrushes with hard bristles
- Use of abrasive toothpaste
- Chewing on hard objects
- Grinding or clenching teeth (bruxism)
- Age (older individuals are more prone)
- Poor oral hygiene
- Acidic diet or frequent consumption of acidic foods and beverages
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Occupational hazards (e.g., certain professions involving abrasive substances)
Signs and Symptoms of Dental Abrasion
- Worn tooth enamel
- Tooth sensitivity
- Notching or grooving at the gumline
- Yellowish appearance of exposed dentin
- Increased risk of tooth decay and cavities
Prevention and Management of Dental Abrasion
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
- Brush gently with proper technique
- Choose toothpaste with low abrasivity
- Avoid chewing on hard objects
- Wear a mouthguard for teeth grinding (bruxism)
Treatment Options for Dental Abrasion
- Dental bonding or filling to restore damaged teeth
- Dental crowns for severe cases
- Application of fluoride varnish to strengthen tooth enamel
- Use of desensitizing toothpaste or mouthwash
- Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings
Additional Information and Resources
- Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) scale and toothpaste safety
- Importance of addressing the underlying cause of dental abrasion
- Impact of dental abrasion on tooth sensitivity, plaque trapping, dental appliances, aesthetics, and overall tooth structure integrity
- Related topics: tooth wear, attrition, erosion, abfraction, bruxism
- References for further reading on tooth wear measurement, tooth tissue loss, restoration of noncarious cervical lesions, and dental and oral complications of lip and tongue piercings.
Abrasion is the non-carious, mechanical wear of tooth from interaction with objects other than tooth-tooth contact. It most commonly affects the premolars and canines, usually along the cervical margins. Based on clinical surveys, studies have shown that abrasion is the most common but not the sole aetiological factor for development of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) and is most frequently caused by incorrect toothbrushing technique.
| Abrasion (dental) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dental abrasion | |
| Specialty | Dentistry |
Abrasion frequently presents at the cemento-enamel junction and can be caused by many contributing factors, all with the ability to affect the tooth surface in varying degrees.
The appearance may vary depending on the cause of abrasion, however most commonly presents in a V-shaped caused by excessive lateral pressure whilst tooth-brushing. The surface is shiny rather than carious, and sometimes the ridge is deep enough to see the pulp chamber within the tooth itself.
Non-carious cervical loss due to abrasion may lead to consequences and symptoms such as increased tooth sensitivity to hot and cold, increased plaque trapping which will result in caries and periodontal disease, and difficulty of dental appliances such as retainers or dentures engaging the tooth. It may also be aesthetically unpleasant to some people.
For successful treatment of abrasion, the cause first needs to be identified and ceased (e.g. overzealous brushing). Once this has occurred, subsequent treatment may involve the changes in oral hygiene, application of fluoride to reduce sensitivity, or the placement of a restoration to help prevent further loss of tooth structure and aid plaque control.
