Definition and Causes of Abfraction - Abfraction is a form of non-carious tooth tissue loss that occurs along the gingival margin. - It is a mechanical loss of tooth structure and is not caused by tooth decay. - Abfraction lesions occur in the region of greatest tensile stress and can appear as wedge, saucer, or mixed patterns. - The main causes of abfraction are forces on the tooth from chewing and swallowing, stress concentration and flexion at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), occlusal forces, non-ideal bite, and incorrect restorations.

Signs and Symptoms of Abfraction - Abfraction lesions can occur above or below the CEJ and can lead to tooth sensitivity. - Dentine and cementum are exposed due to the lesions.

Treatment of Abfraction - Treatment depends on the level of activity and progression of the lesion. - Monitoring at regular intervals is sufficient for small lesions. - Dental restoration (white filling) may be necessary for aesthetic or clinical concerns. - Other causative factors should be addressed and removed. - Adjustments to biting surfaces can redirect occlusal load and relieve stress.

Controversy and Future Research on Abfraction - Abfraction has been controversial since its creation in 1991 and is often confused with abrasion or erosion. - Some researchers consider abfraction a multifactorial lesion, while others suggest tooth flexion as the only factor. - More research is needed to resolve the controversy surrounding abfraction. - Advances in imaging techniques and biomechanical modeling can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of abfraction. - Long-term clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment approaches for abfraction.

Related Concepts - Tooth wear, abrasion, attrition, bruxism, and erosion are related concepts to abfraction.