History and Dentistry Practices in Ancient Rome
- Roman medicine initially relied on homemade remedies, but the profession of medicine was introduced by the Greek doctor Archagathus.
- The Twelve Tables, the basis of Roman law, mention dentistry practices.
- Prosthetic materials for dental and oral health conditions have been found in Roman cities.
- Historians and archaeologists have differing opinions on the extent of dentistry in ancient Rome.

Cosmetic Dentistry in Ancient Rome
- Romans used toothpaste made from human urine and goat milk to whiten their teeth.
- Dental bridges, crowns, and gold dental implants were developed in ancient Rome.
- The Etruscans were skilled at crafting dental bridges.
- Roman dental bridges were commonly made of bone or ivory.

Toothaches and Remedies in Ancient Rome
- Pliny the Elder discussed various therapies for tooth pain in his work.
- Remedies included pouring medication into the ear, inhaling wild mint, and using hare bones to incise the gums.
- Gargling the ash of deer horns was another treatment method.
- Roman doctors believed toothaches were caused by a toothworm.

Tooth Extraction in Ancient Rome
- The profession that performed dentistry in ancient Rome is unclear.
- Tooth extraction was a surgical procedure conducted to remove teeth.
- Teeth were extracted softly to avoid danger, and another method involved rocking the tooth until it could be removed with hands.
- Celsus recommended extracting the bone near the teeth and avoiding unnecessary extraction of children's teeth.

Cleft Lip and Palate in Ancient Rome
- Celsus described treatments for cleft lip and palate, including sutures and surgical procedures.
- Galen likely described facial cleft conditions and recommended scarifying the skin.
- A healthy palate was considered necessary for proper speech.
- The ancient Romans also killed children with cleft lips due to superstitions, but proper treatment was available.