Signs and symptoms of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF)
- Enlargement of gingiva, interdental papilla, hindered speech, and secondary inflammatory changes in the mouth
- Mandibular and maxillary inflammation and overgrowth, leading to distorted appearance of the jaw
- Overgrowth of the gingiva ranging from slight coverage of teeth to complete coverage, leading to damage or loss of teeth
- Hindered chewing efficiency, increasing mobility of teeth, and abnormally shaped teeth
- Bleeding from the gums or gum ulcerations
Cause of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF)
- Mutation in the SOS1 gene on chromosomes 2p21-p22 and 5q13-q22
- SOS1 is a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor involved in cell growth and differentiation
- Mutation in SOS1 results in a single nucleotide insertion, leading to HGF
- Mutations in the REST gene can also cause HGF
- Drug-induced HGF by certain medications or factors such as inflammation, hormonal imbalance, and neoplasia
Inheritance patterns of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF)
- Autosomal dominant transmission
- Autosomal recessive transmission
- X-linked inheritance
- Pedigree analyses have confirmed different inheritance patterns
Treatment approaches for Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF)
- Surgical intervention such as gingivectomy and flap surgery
- Regular follow-ups after surgery for monitoring and prevention of re-occurrence
- Scaling and root planning of teeth combined with good oral hygiene
- General surgical intervention
- Additional treatment approaches for HGF associated with other multi-system syndromes
Related conditions and additional resources for Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF)
- Related conditions: Zimmermann Laband syndrome, Rutherford syndrome, Murray-Puretic Drescher syndrome, Ramon syndrome
- Importance of understanding the relationship between HGF and related conditions for accurate diagnosis and treatment
- Additional resources: Case reports, studies, journals (Case Reports in Dentistry, Journal of Periodontology, International Journal of Dentistry), position paper by the American Academy of Periodontology on potential risk factors associated with periodontal diseases.
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), also known as idiopathic gingival hyperplasia, is a rare condition of gingival overgrowth. HGF is characterized as a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of keratinized gingiva. It can cover teeth in various degrees, and can lead to aesthetic disfigurement. Fibrous enlargement is most common in areas of maxillary and mandibular tissues of both arches in the mouth. Phenotype and genotype frequency of HGF is 1:175,000 where males and females are equally affected but the cause is not entirely known. It mainly exists as an isolated abnormality but can also be associated with a multi-system syndrome.
| Hereditary gingival fibromatosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Autosomal dominant gingival hyperplasia, idiopathic gingival hyperplasia |
| Specialty | Dentistry |
