Family Friendly & Specialty Dentists in London, UK
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History of Orthodontics
- Dento-facial Orthopaedics originated in Europe
- Edward Angle introduced Fixed Orthodontics to the United States
- Norman William Kingsley demonstrated jumping the bite with an anterior bite plate
- Hotz developed the Vorbissplate, a modification of Kingsley's plate
- Wilhelm Roux studied the effects of functional forces on Orthodontics in 1883
Development of Functional Appliances
- Pierre Robin developed the Monobloc in 1902, one of the first functional appliances
- Viggo Andersen developed the widely accepted Activator appliance in 1908
- Emil Herbst introduced the Herbst Appliance in 1905, later revived by Hans Pancherz in the 1970s
- Wilhem Balters modified Andersen's Activator and created the Bionator Appliance
- Harold Kesling developed the Positioner Appliance in 1944 for the finishing stage of treatment
Passive Components of Removable Appliances
- Labial bow provides retention for incisor teeth, usually with U-Loops at the end
- Adams clasps are used for retention, typically fabricated in the molar areas
- C clasps are used on canines
- Southend Clasp is used on anteriors
- Ball-ended clasp is primarily used with the Twin Block system in the lower anteriors
Active Components of Removable Appliances
- Springs provide light forces to move teeth orthodontically
- Palatal Finger Springs move teeth buccally or lingually
- Buccal Canine Retractor brings a buccally placed canine more lingual
- Z-Spring moves one or two teeth labially
- T-Spring moves teeth labially
Springs and Wires in Removable Appliances
- Springs made of 0.5mm thick stainless steel wire move one tooth
- Thicker wire (0.6 or 0.7mm) is used to move more teeth or larger/multi-rooted teeth
- Coffin Spring is used for expansion and can replace a screw in an expansion device
- Active Labial Bows, such as Mills Bow or Roberts retractor, move teeth labially
- Screws and elastics are also considered active components in removable functional appliances
