History
- First oral irrigator developed by Dr. C.D. Matteson in the 1950s as an alternative to hand syringes
- Waterpik invented in 1962 by dentist Gerald Moyer and engineer John Mattingly
- Waterpik featured built-in reservoir and motor for rhythmic pulses of water
- Waterpik now sold by Water Pik, Inc.
Efficacy
- Oral irrigators evaluated in scientific studies for periodontal maintenance and various conditions
- 2008 systematic review found improvement in gingival health with irrigation compared to regular oral hygiene
- 2019 meta-analysis found water-jet irrigation more effective at reducing bleeding on probing than flossing
- Oral irrigators also used to remove tonsil stones
- Oral irrigators ideal for narrow teeth or hard-to-reach areas between teeth
Other uses
- Oral irrigators used to remove tonsil stones (tonsiloliths)
Mode of operation
- Most oral irrigators use a single stream of water to flush unwanted material between teeth
- Oral irrigators ideal for narrow teeth or hard-to-reach areas
- Some devices offer gum massage and injection of mouthwash solution
Criticism
- Oral irrigators classified as wellness products, not a replacement for brushing and flossing
- Risk of food debris entering tooth pockets and causing damage with improper use
- Many dentists advise against usage for people with gum disease or tooth extraction
- Some studies show oral irrigators better at removing plaque than flossing
An oral irrigator (also called a dental water jet, water flosser or, by the brand name of the best-known such device, Waterpik) is a home dental care device which uses a stream of high-pressure pulsating water intended to remove dental plaque and food debris between teeth and below the gum line. Regular use of an oral irrigator is believed to improve gingival health. The devices may also provide easier cleaning for braces and dental implants. However, more research is needed to confirm plaque biofilm removal and effectiveness when used by patients with special oral or systemic health needs.
