Periodontal Pathogens
- Selenomonas noxia is associated with periodontal disease and has been identified as a potential marker for obesity initiation.
- Selenomonas noxia is a bacterium found in the oral cavity.
- Studies have shown an increased prevalence of Selenomonas noxia in individuals with periodontal disease.
- The presence of Selenomonas noxia has been linked to an increased risk of developing obesity.
Red Complex
- The Red Complex is a group of bacteria commonly associated with periodontal disease.
- The Red Complex includes three bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola.
- These bacteria are considered to be major contributors to the progression of periodontal disease.
- The Red Complex bacteria have been found in higher proportions in individuals with severe periodontal disease.
- Targeting the Red Complex bacteria may be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
Role of Bacteriophages in Periodontal Health and Disease
- Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacteria, including those associated with periodontal disease.
- Bacteriophages can be found in the oral cavity and play a role in maintaining periodontal health.
- Imbalances in the bacteriophage population have been observed in individuals with periodontal disease.
- Bacteriophages have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents against periodontal pathogens.
- Further research is needed to explore the use of bacteriophages in periodontal disease management.
Infection Patterns in Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis
- Chronic and aggressive periodontitis are two forms of periodontal disease with distinct infection patterns.
- Chronic periodontitis is characterised by a slow progression and is associated with a diverse microbial community.
- Aggressive periodontitis is characterised by a rapid progression and is associated with specific periodontal pathogens.
- Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are commonly found in aggressive periodontitis.
- Understanding the infection patterns in different forms of periodontitis is crucial for effective treatment strategies.
Candida spp. in Periodontal Disease
- Candida spp., a group of fungi, can also be found in association with periodontal disease.
- Candida spp. can colonize the oral cavity and contribute to the development and progression of periodontal disease.
- Candida spp. can interact with other periodontal pathogens and enhance their virulence.
- The presence of Candida spp. in periodontal pockets is associated with increased inflammation and tissue destruction.
- Antifungal therapy may be considered as an adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease with Candida spp. involvement.
Periodontal pathogens are bacteria that have been shown to significantly contribute to periodontitis.
Dental plaque, the precursor of periodontal disease, is a complex biofilm consisting mainly of bacteria, but also archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses. Viruses that specifically infect bacteria—bacteriophages—are most common in the oral cavity. Viral roles in the progression of periodontal disease as of 2017 remains poorly explored.
Although approximately 700 bacterial species have been identified in the oral cavity and nearly 300 species have been cultured and found to contribute to the biofilm of the periodontal pocket, there is a much smaller number of species that have been shown to be more closely related to the initial incidence and continued persistence of periodontitis, including:
A number of types of fungi, especially Candida spp., also play a smaller but not insignificant role in periodontal disease.
