Structure and Function of Periosteum
- The periosteum consists of an inner cambium layer and an outer fibrous layer.
- The fibrous layer is made of dense irregular connective tissue and contains fibroblasts.
- The cambium layer is highly cellular and contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts.
- Osteoblasts in the periosteum are responsible for increasing the width of long bones.
- Progenitor cells in the periosteum develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts after a bone fracture, aiding in the healing process.
Etymology and Location of Periosteum
- The word 'periosteum' is derived from the Greek words 'peri-' meaning surrounding, and '-osteon' meaning bone.
- The term 'periosteum' refers to the fact that it is the outermost layer of long bones, surrounding other inner layers.
Additional Information on Periosteum
- Diagrammatic section of the head.
- The outer surface of the bones at the joints of long bones is lined with articular cartilage.
- The length of a long bone is controlled by the epiphyseal plate.
Related Concepts
- Periosteal reaction.
- Periostitis.
- Endochondral ossification.
- Intramembranous ossification.
References
- Netter, Frank H; Crelin, Edmund S; Kaplan, Frederick S; Woodburne, Russell T; Regina, V.; Mankin, Henry J. (1987). Musculoskeletal System: A Compilation of Paintings of Anatomy, Physiology, and Metabolic Disorders, Part 1. Summit, New Jersey (NJ): CIBA-GEIGY Corporation.
- Definition of PERIOSTEUM. www.merriam-webster.com.
- Dwek, JR (April 2010). The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?. Skeletal Radiology. 39 (4): 319–23. doi:10.1007/s00256-009-0849-9. PMC2826636. PMID20049593.
- Nahian, Ahmed; Chauhan, Pradip R. (2021), Histology, Periosteum And Endosteum, StatPearls, Treasure Island, Florida (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID32491516.
- Modric, Jan (9 December 2013). Periosteum Definition, Location, Anatomy, Histology and Function - eHealthStar.
The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity of all long bones.
| Periosteum | |
|---|---|
 The periosteum covers the outside of bones. | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Location | Outer surface of all bones |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | periosteum |
| MeSH | D010521 |
| TA98 | A02.0.00.007 |
| TA2 | 384 |
| TH | H2.00.03.7.00018 |
| FMA | 24041 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”) + ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”).
periosteum (plural periostea
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