Anatomy and Development of Dental Pulp - The pulp is the central neurovascular bundle of each tooth, consisting of a central pulp chamber, pulp horns, and radicular canals. - The size of the pulp chamber decreases with age. - The dental pulp is derived from the dental papilla during tooth development. - Odontoblasts and pulpoblasts differentiate within the dental papilla to form the dental pulp. - Coronal and root pulp development occur in different regions of the tooth.

Pulp Innervation and Function - The dental pulp is innervated by the trigeminal nerve and the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. - The pulp has multiple functions, including dentin formation, nutritive supply, sensory perception, defense and repair.

Pulp Diagnoses and Complications - Pulp testing methods include vitality tests, sensitivity tests, electric pulp tests, and thermal tests. - Pulp diagnoses include normal pulp, reversible pulpitis, and irreversible pulpitis. - Irreversible pulpitis is characterised by inflammation and infection beyond healing, often requiring root canal treatment. - Pulp necrosis occurs when the pulp dies or is dying, and can lead to infection, abscesses, and bone loss. - Complications of pulp-related issues include decay, increased sensitivity, trauma-induced inflammation, and age-related changes.

Pulp Stones - Pulp stones are calcified structures found in the dental pulp. - They can be classified based on their location and structure. - The etiology of pulp stones is not well understood but can be associated with factors such as pulp degeneration, increasing age, and dental caries. - Pulp stones can interfere with endodontic treatment and may require removal.

Pulp Cell Response to Injury and Pulp Regeneration - Pulp cells respond to injury by increasing in number, forming tertiary dentin, and expressing antimicrobial agents and chemokines. - Pulp regeneration is a promising approach to treat pulpitis and pulp necrosis, involving the recruitment and differentiation of stem cells to regenerate the pulp tissue.