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Definition and Characteristics of Periodic Breathing
- Periodic breathing is clusters of breaths separated by intervals of apnea or near-apnea.
- It is defined as three or more episodes of central apnea lasting at least 4 seconds.
- The episodes are separated by no more than 30 seconds of normal breathing.
- Periodic breathing can occur during sleep.
- It is usually central sleep apnea rather than obstructive sleep apnea.
Occurrence of Periodic Breathing in Adults
- Periodic breathing during sleep typically occurs in adult patients with congestive heart failure.
- It was originally thought to arise from serious neurologic or cardiovascular disease.
- However, it can also occur in healthy persons.
- The outlook for periodic breathing is no longer considered poor.
- The apnea in periodic breathing is usually central sleep apnea.
Occurrence of Periodic Breathing in Infants
- Periodic breathing is a normal variation of breathing found in premature and full-term infants.
- It occurs when the infant has pauses in breathing for no more than 10 seconds at a time.
- These pauses are followed by a series of rapid, shallow breaths.
- Periodic breathing in infants may be accompanied by minor oxygen desaturation and bradycardia.
- It typically resolves in the first six months of life.
Statistics on Periodic Breathing in Infants
- Studies have shown that 78% of healthy full-term infants experience episodes of periodic breathing in the first two weeks of life.
- Periodic breathing in infants can occur during deep sleep, light sleep, or even when awake.
- The pauses in breathing are not triggered by any external stimulation or intervention.
- Periodic breathing in infants is characterised by pauses in breathing followed by a return to normal breathing without any intervention.
- It is a normal developmental process in infants.
References
- Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, et al. (October 2012). Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events.
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 8 (5): 597–619. doi:10.5664/jcsm.2172. PMC3459210. PMID23066376.
- Kelly DH, Stellwagen LM, Kaitz E, Shannon DC (1985). Apnea and periodic breathing in normal full-term infants during the first twelve months.
- paediatric Pulmonology. 1 (4): 215–9. doi:10.1002/ppul.1950010409. PMID4069810. S2CID20652322.
- This respiratory system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
