Epidemiology
- Prevalence of bruxism ranges from 8% to 31% in the general population.
- Awake bruxism is more common in women, while sleep bruxism affects both genders equally.
- Children can develop sleep bruxism as early as the first year of life, with a prevalence of about 14-20%.
- Adolescents have a prevalence of about 13%.
- Adults have an overall prevalence of 8%, with a lower prevalence in individuals over the age of 60.

Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms of sleep bruxism are most intense upon waking and gradually decrease.
- Grinding or tapping noise during sleep, often noticed by a partner.
- Other parafunctional activities associated with bruxism include cheek biting and lip biting.
- Burning sensation on the tongue, potentially related to tongue thrusting.
- Indentations of the teeth on the tongue, known as crenated tongue.

Pain
- Most individuals with bruxism do not experience pain.
- The presence or severity of pain does not necessarily correlate with the intensity of grinding or clenching.
- Pain in the muscles of mastication can be compared to muscle pain after exercise.
- Pain may be felt in the masseter muscles (angle of the jaw) or temporalis muscles (temples).
- Temporomandibular joints may become painful, accompanied by clicking.

Dental Effects
- Excessive tooth wear, particularly attrition, is a common consequence of bruxism.
- Tooth fractures and repeated failure of dental restorations (fillings, crowns, etc.) can occur.
- Hypersensitive teeth may result from wearing away of insulating layers of dentin and enamel.
- Inflammation of the periodontal ligament can cause soreness and possible tooth loosening.
- Bruxism can negatively impact the components of the masticatory system, including the teeth, periodontium, and temporomandibular joints.

Causes and Treatments
- The exact causes of bruxism are not fully understood but likely involve multiple factors.
- Awake bruxism is thought to have different causes from sleep bruxism.
- Various treatments are used, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited.
- Self-reported bruxism may not accurately reflect the true prevalence.
- The ICSD-R states that 85-90% of the general population grind their teeth at some point, but only 5% develop a clinical condition.

Bruxism (Wikipedia)

Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching. It is an oral parafunctional activity; i.e., it is unrelated to normal function such as eating or talking. Bruxism is a common behavior; reports of prevalence range from 8% to 31% in the general population. Several symptoms are commonly associated with bruxism, including aching jaw muscles, headaches, hypersensitive teeth, tooth wear, and damage to dental restorations (e.g. crowns and fillings). Symptoms may be minimal, without patient awareness of the condition. If nothing is done, after a while many teeth start wearing down until the whole tooth is gone.

Bruxism
Attrition (tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact) can be a manifestation of bruxism.
Specialty	Dentistry

There are two main types of bruxism: one occurs during sleep (nocturnal bruxism) and one during wakefulness (awake bruxism). Dental damage may be similar in both types, but the symptoms of sleep bruxism tend to be worse on waking and improve during the course of the day, and the symptoms of awake bruxism may not be present at all on waking, and then worsen over the day.

The causes of bruxism are not completely understood, but probably involve multiple factors. Awake bruxism is more common in women, whereas men and women are affected in equal proportions by sleep bruxism. Awake bruxism is thought to have different causes from sleep bruxism. Several treatments are in use, although there is little evidence of robust efficacy for any particular treatment.