Classification of Cysts - Odontogenic cysts: - Radicular cyst: most common type, caused by dental pulp necrosis - Dentigerous cyst: associated with non-erupted tooth crown - Odontogenic keratocyst: may be linked to Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome - Buccal bifurcation cyst: appears in the buccal bifurcation region of mandibular molars - Eruption cyst: small cyst in the gingiva during tooth eruption - Developmental/Non-odontogenic cysts: - Nasopalatine duct cyst: most common jaw cyst, found in mid-line of maxilla - Developmental cysts of the soft tissues around the jaws: - Palatal cysts of the newborn (Epstein's pearls) - Nasolabial cyst (nasoalveolar cyst) - Epidermoid cyst of the skin - Dermoid cyst - Thyroglossal duct cyst - Branchial cleft cyst (cervical lymphoepithelial cyst) - Oral lymphoepithelial cyst - Developmental cysts of questionable cause: - Globulomaxillary cyst - Median palatal cyst - Median mandibular cyst

Signs and Symptoms - Cysts are usually asymptomatic unless: - Secondarily infected - Expanded beyond normal anatomical boundaries of the bone - Palpable lump is felt (hard if bone covers cyst, fluctuant if eroded) - Acute infection causes discharge into oral cavity and loosening of adjacent teeth - Rarely, roots of teeth are resorbed

Diagnosis - Cysts are often discovered through routine dental radiography - They are usually asymptomatic unless there is significant enlargement or secondary infection - On x-rays, cysts appear as radiolucent areas with radiopaque borders - Cysts in maxillary sinus may appear radiopaque due to surrounding air - Aspiration may aid in diagnosis by analyzing fluid characteristics - Histopathologic examination of cyst lining confirms the exact diagnosis

Treatment - Common treatment options for jaw cysts: - Surgical removal of cyst and histopathologic examination of cyst lining - Minor surgery to partially or completely remove the cyst - One or two-stage procedure depending on the case - Some cysts may not require treatment - Definitive treatment is determined based on the type of cyst and patient's condition

Cysts Treatment Techniques - Surgical removal is the primary treatment for the majority of cysts. - Enucleation involves removing the entire cyst and closing the defect with sutures. - Marsupialization creates a window in the cyst wall to drain the contents and allow the cyst to shrink. - Enucleation following marsupialization is performed for large cysts to avoid significant surgical defects. - Enucleation with curettage removes the cyst and surrounding bone, especially if the cyst is infected.

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