History and Generation of Lingual Braces - Developed by Craven Kurz and Jim Mulick in 1975 - First patient treated with lingual braces in 1976 - Lingual braces were developed due to a demand for braces that did not show metal - Initial problems included tongue irritation and speech problems - Lingual brackets were developed by Ormco in conjunction with Dr. Kurz - Generation #1: Original appliance created in 1976 - Generation #2: Canine hooks added in 1980 - Generation #3: Premolar and anterior brackets received hooks in 1982 - Generation #4: Optional hooks due to concerns of gingival impingement - Generation #5: Increased torque values for maxillary incisors in 1985

Design of Lingual Braces - Brackets initially bonded with Torque Angulation Referencing Guide (TARG) - Custom Lingual Appliance Set-Up Service allowed indirect bonding - Lingual self-ligating brackets introduced in 1999 - Straightwire Appliance invented by Dr. Lawrence Andrews - Reciprocal tip and torque values used in lingual brackets

Advantages of Lingual Braces - Less decalcification marks compared to buccal brackets - Decreased visibility of white spot lesions - Improved oral hygiene maintenance - Enhanced aesthetics due to hidden braces - Suitable for patients with metal allergies

Disadvantages of Lingual Braces - Initial appliances caused tongue irritation and higher breakage rate - Lingual braces may cause speech impairment and eating difficulties - Lingual braces can be more painful and difficult to maintain oral hygiene - Treatment approach includes informing patients about temporary irritation - Lingual braces may require longer adjustment period compared to buccal braces

Types of Lingual Braces - Lingual braces and wires are made by various companies, including Incognito (3M), ALIAS (Ormco), Innovation L (Dentsply/GAC International), eBrace (Riton BioMaterials), Stb Light (Ormco), and Harmony (American Orthodontics). - Lingual braces are placed on the backside of the teeth, making them less visible. - They are suitable for individuals who want a discreet orthodontic treatment option. - Lingual braces can correct various dental issues, such as overcrowding, misalignment, and bite problems. - They require specialised training and expertise for proper placement and adjustment. - Incognito lingual brackets and wires are manufactured by 3M in Germany. - These braces were designed by Dirk Wiechmann and have been tested on 600 patients in his private practice. - Incognito braces utilize CAD/CAM technology for customised bracket fabrication and positioning. - The brackets have a low profile, reducing irritation to the tongue. - A study comparing Incognito braces to pre-adjusted lingual brackets showed fewer tongue-related issues with the customised brackets.