History and Generation of Lingual Braces
- Developed by Craven Kurz and Jim Mulick in 1975
- First patient treated with lingual braces in 1976
- Lingual braces were developed due to a demand for braces that did not show metal
- Initial problems included tongue irritation and speech problems
- Lingual brackets were developed by Ormco in conjunction with Dr. Kurz
- Generation #1: Original appliance created in 1976
- Generation #2: Canine hooks added in 1980
- Generation #3: Premolar and anterior brackets received hooks in 1982
- Generation #4: Optional hooks due to concerns of gingival impingement
- Generation #5: Increased torque values for maxillary incisors in 1985

Design of Lingual Braces
- Brackets initially bonded with Torque Angulation Referencing Guide (TARG)
- Custom Lingual Appliance Set-Up Service allowed indirect bonding
- Lingual self-ligating brackets introduced in 1999
- Straightwire Appliance invented by Dr. Lawrence Andrews
- Reciprocal tip and torque values used in lingual brackets

Advantages of Lingual Braces
- Less decalcification marks compared to buccal brackets
- Decreased visibility of white spot lesions
- Improved oral hygiene maintenance
- Enhanced aesthetics due to hidden braces
- Suitable for patients with metal allergies

Disadvantages of Lingual Braces
- Initial appliances caused tongue irritation and higher breakage rate
- Lingual braces may cause speech impairment and eating difficulties
- Lingual braces can be more painful and difficult to maintain oral hygiene
- Treatment approach includes informing patients about temporary irritation
- Lingual braces may require longer adjustment period compared to buccal braces

Types of Lingual Braces
- Lingual braces and wires are made by various companies, including Incognito (3M), ALIAS (Ormco), Innovation L (Dentsply/GAC International), eBrace (Riton BioMaterials), Stb Light (Ormco), and Harmony (American Orthodontics).
- Lingual braces are placed on the backside of the teeth, making them less visible.
- They are suitable for individuals who want a discreet orthodontic treatment option.
- Lingual braces can correct various dental issues, such as overcrowding, misalignment, and bite problems.
- They require specialised training and expertise for proper placement and adjustment.
- Incognito lingual brackets and wires are manufactured by 3M in Germany.
- These braces were designed by Dirk Wiechmann and have been tested on 600 patients in his private practice.
- Incognito braces utilize CAD/CAM technology for customised bracket fabrication and positioning.
- The brackets have a low profile, reducing irritation to the tongue.
- A study comparing Incognito braces to pre-adjusted lingual brackets showed fewer tongue-related issues with the customised brackets.