Eruption of second molar - Eruption stage of second molar impacts distalization of first permanent molar - Tipping movement occurs when second molar has not erupted - Treatment duration increases if second molar has already erupted - Distalization of first molars recommended prior to eruption of second molars - Some studies suggest no connection between eruption stages of second molar and treatment duration

Indications - End-on molar relationship - Mesially angulated upper molars - Late mixed dentition patient - Mild to moderate crowding - Impacted canine or premolar

Distalization with headgears - Norman William Kingsley and Albin Oppenheim pioneers in using headgear for molar distalization - Different types of headgear used for different types of distalization - Straight Pull (Combination) Headgear for distal translation - Cervical Pull Headgear for extrusion and distalization in deep bite Class 2 patients - High Pull Headgear for intrusion and distalization in open bite patients

See also - Intrusion (orthodontics)

References - Sfondrini et al. (2002) analyzed upper molar distalization - Proffit et al. (2012) discussed contemporary orthodontics - Graber (1955) discussed facts and fallacies of extraoral force - Jeckel and Rakosi (1991) explored molar distalization by intra-oral force application - Lim and Hong (2009) studied distal movement of maxillary molars using a lever-arm and mini-implant system