Eruption of second molar
- Eruption stage of second molar impacts distalization of first permanent molar
- Tipping movement occurs when second molar has not erupted
- Treatment duration increases if second molar has already erupted
- Distalization of first molars recommended prior to eruption of second molars
- Some studies suggest no connection between eruption stages of second molar and treatment duration
Indications
- End-on molar relationship
- Mesially angulated upper molars
- Late mixed dentition patient
- Mild to moderate crowding
- Impacted canine or premolar
Distalization with headgears
- Norman William Kingsley and Albin Oppenheim pioneers in using headgear for molar distalization
- Different types of headgear used for different types of distalization
- Straight Pull (Combination) Headgear for distal translation
- Cervical Pull Headgear for extrusion and distalization in deep bite Class 2 patients
- High Pull Headgear for intrusion and distalization in open bite patients
See also
- Intrusion (orthodontics)
References
- Sfondrini et al. (2002) analyzed upper molar distalization
- Proffit et al. (2012) discussed contemporary orthodontics
- Graber (1955) discussed facts and fallacies of extraoral force
- Jeckel and Rakosi (1991) explored molar distalization by intra-oral force application
- Lim and Hong (2009) studied distal movement of maxillary molars using a lever-arm and mini-implant system
Molar distalization is a process in the field of Orthodontics which is used to move molar teeth, especially permanent first molars, distally (backwards) in an arch. This procedure is often used in treatment of patients who have Class 2 malocclusion. The cause is often the result of loss of E space in an arch due to early loss of primary molar teeth and mesial (forward) migration of the molar teeth. Sometimes molars are distalised to make space for other impacted teeth, such as premolars or canines, in the mouth.
Distalization in the maxillary arch is easier than the mandibular arch because maxillary bone has more trabecular bone than the mandible, which has higher percentage of cortical bone. One of the most popular devices that is used to distalize molars is known as Pendulum appliance and Pendex Appliance. These were developed by Hilgers in 1990.
