Necrotizing Gingivitis and Periodontitis
- Necrotizing gingivitis is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums characterised by painful, bleeding, sloughing ulceration and loss of the interdental papillae.
- Predisposing factors for necrotizing gingivitis include psychological stress, sleep deprivation, poor oral hygiene, smoking, immunosuppression, and malnutrition.
- Treatment for necrotizing gingivitis involves debridement and antibiotics.
- Necrotizing periodontitis is an extension of necrotizing gingivitis and involves infection that leads to attachment loss.
- It affects the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar ligament.
- Progression beyond the mucogingival junction indicates an advanced stage.

Necrotizing Stomatitis
- Necrotizing stomatitis is the progression of necrotizing periodontitis beyond the mucogingival junction.
- Atypical cases may develop without prior necrotizing periodontal disease lesions.
- It is characterised by tissue involvement beyond the gingiva.
- Prompt treatment is required to prevent further complications, as it can cause significant damage to oral tissues.

Noma
- Noma is a necrotizing and destructive infection of the mouth and face.
- It primarily affects malnourished children in developing countries.
- Noma is a disfiguring and often fatal condition.
- There is a possible connection to pre-existing necrotizing gingivitis, but it has not been confirmed.
- The majority of cases of necrotizing gingivitis and periodontitis do not progress to noma.

Vincent's Angina
- Vincent's angina is not a necrotizing periodontal disease but is often confused with necrotizing gingivitis.
- It is characterised by tonsillitis and pharyngitis, not involving the gums.
- It is named after Jean Hyacinthe Vincent, a French physician.
- Vincent's angina is caused by a fusospirochetal infection of the pharynx and palatine tonsils.
- It was previously known as Vincent's gingivitis.

General Information
- Necrotizing periodontal diseases encompass necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, necrotizing stomatitis, noma, and Vincent's angina.
- Necrotizing gingivitis and periodontitis are common infections of the gums, while necrotizing stomatitis involves tissue involvement beyond the gingiva.
- Noma is a severe infection primarily affecting malnourished children in developing countries.
- Vincent's angina is a condition involving tonsillitis and pharyngitis, not related to the gums.