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Definition and Background of Osseointegration
- Osseointegration is the direct interface between an implant and bone, without soft tissue.
- It was first observed in 1940 and described by Per-Ingvar Brånemark in the 1960s.
- Osseointegration is a critical factor for the success of dental implants.
- The process involves the formation of new bone around the implant, leading to its stability and long-term function.
- Osseointegration has revolutionised the field of implant dentistry.
Factors Influencing Osseointegration
- Implant design: Surface roughness and geometry play a crucial role in promoting osseointegration.
- Surgical technique: Proper implant placement and surgical precision are essential for successful osseointegration.
- Bone quality: The quality and quantity of the patient's bone affect the osseointegration process.
- Healing time: Adequate healing time is required for osseointegration to occur, typically ranging from 3 to 6 months.
- Patient factors: Systemic conditions, smoking, and poor oral hygiene can negatively impact osseointegration.
Assessment of Osseointegration
- Implant stability: Various methods, such as resonance frequency analysis and Periotest, are used to assess implant stability.
- Radiographic evaluation: X-rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are used to evaluate the bone-implant interface.
- Clinical examination: Probing around the implant and assessing soft tissue health are important in assessing osseointegration.
- Histological analysis: Biopsy samples can be taken to examine the bone-implant interface under a microscope.
- Patient feedback: The patient's subjective perception of implant stability and function is also considered.
Complications and Challenges in Osseointegration
- Peri-implantitis: Inflammation and infection around the implant can lead to bone loss and implant failure.
- Overloading: Excessive forces on the implant can disrupt the osseointegration process and cause implant failure.
- Cement remnants: Residual cement around the implant can contribute to peri-implantitis and compromise osseointegration.
- Micromotion: Excessive micromotion at the bone-implant interface can inhibit osseointegration.
- Occlusal factors: Improper occlusion and excessive forces can negatively affect osseointegration.
Applications and Advancements in Osseointegration
- Dental implants: Osseointegration provides a reliable solution for replacing missing teeth.
- Orthopedic implants: Osseointegration is used in orthopedic surgeries, such as hip and knee replacements.
- Prosthetic limbs: Osseointegrated prosthetic limbs offer improved function and comfort for amputees.
- Sensory-motor interactions: Osseointegration enables sensory feedback and motor control in prosthetic limbs.
- Advancements in implant materials and surface modifications continue to enhance osseointegration outcomes.
This article needs to be updated. (November 2018) |
Osseointegration (from Latin osseus "bony" and integrare "to make whole") is the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant ("load-bearing" as defined by Albrektsson et al. in 1981). A more recent definition (by Schroeder et al.) defines osseointegration as "functional ankylosis (bone adherence)", where new bone is laid down directly on the implant surface and the implant exhibits mechanical stability (i.e., resistance to destabilization by mechanical agitation or shear forces). Osseointegration has enhanced the science of medical bone and joint replacement techniques as well as dental implants and improving prosthetics for amputees.[citation needed]
osseo- + integration
osseointegration (countable and uncountable, plural osseointegrations)
