Causes of Pathologic Fractures - Pathologic fractures can be caused by osteoporosis. - Other pathologies such as cancer, infection, inherited bone disorders, or bone cysts can also lead to pathologic fractures. - Fragility fractures occur as a result of an injury that would not normally cause a fracture in a healthy bone. - Typical sites for fragility fractures include vertebral fractures, fractures of the neck of the femur, and Colles fracture of the wrist. - Pathological fractures in children and adolescents can result from metabolic, endocrine, neoplastic, infectious, immunologic, and genetic skeletal dysplasias.

Management of Pathologic Fractures - Bone fixation should be done prophylactically if the Mirels score is more than 8. - Internal fixation is preferred over conservative treatment. - Treatment should also address the underlying cause of the pathologic fracture.

Presentation of Pathologic Fractures - Pathological fractures in long bones appear as chalkstick fractures. - They are transverse fractures nearly 90 degrees to the long axis of the bone. - Compression fractures of spinal vertebrae can cause the vertebrae to collapse.

References and Resources - Salehi, Sana et al. (2019) reported rare cases of knee insufficiency fracture in non-weight-bearing femoral condyle. - Vanasse, Alain et al. (2005) discussed bone mineral density measurement and osteoporosis treatment after fragility fractures in older adults. - Maheswari's Essential Orthopedics (3ed.) provides information on pathologic fractures. - Mirels (2003) proposed a scoring system for diagnosing impending pathologic fractures in long bones. - Various classification codes are used for pathologic fractures, such as ICD-10: M80 and ICD-9-CM: 733.1. - The Wikipedia page on Pathologic fracture provides additional information.

External Links - The Wikipedia page on Pathologic fracture provides additional information. - The article is categorised under Bone fractures and Oncology stubs. - The page includes hidden categories and short descriptions. - There are statements with unsourced information from October 2020 and October 2017. - The article is considered a stub and can be expanded.