Definition and Symptoms of Pneumothorax
- Abnormal collection of air in pleural space
- Occurs between lung and chest wall
- Sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Tension pneumothorax causes one-way valve and increased air in space

Complications and Risk Factors of Pneumothorax
- Tension pneumothorax leads to oxygen shortage
- Low blood pressure
- Obstructive shock can occur
- Obstructive shock can be fatal if not reversed
- Rare cases of pneumothorax affecting both lungs
- Smoking increases risk of pneumothorax
- History of lung disease increases risk
- Male gender is a risk factor
- Age between 20 and 40 increases risk
- Family history of pneumothorax increases risk

Terminology and Types of Pneumothorax
- Pneumothorax often called collapsed lung
- Collapsed lung can also refer to atelectasis
- Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs without apparent cause
- Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in absence of significant lung disease
- Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax has underlying lung disease as cause

Diagnosis of Pneumothorax
- Chest X-ray used to diagnose pneumothorax
- CT scan may be necessary for accurate diagnosis

Treatment of Pneumothorax
- Small pneumothorax may resolve on its own
- Large pneumothorax may require chest tube insertion
- Surgery may be needed for recurrent or persistent pneumothorax