History and Approach - Smile Train was created in 1998 by Brian Mullaney and Charles Wang. - They previously worked with Operation Smile, another charity focused on correcting cleft lips and palates. - The organization's approach is to train and support local doctors to provide cleft surgeries. - Local doctors can provide care year-round, unlike mission-based models. - Smile Train began providing surgeries in China in 1999 and in India in 2000.

Recognition and Criticism - Economist Steven Levitt indicated that Smile Train is one of the most productive charities in the world. - The documentary 'Smile Pinki' won the 2008 Oscar for Best Documentary (Short Subject). - Smile Train worked with the Scottish charity KidsOR to revamp operating theaters in Africa. - CharityWatch criticised the president's salary and questioned the company's tax form. - Givewell could not assess the impact of Smile Train's activities based on available information.

Related Organizations - List of cleft lip and palate organizations. - List of non-governmental organizations in the People's Republic of China.

External Links - Official website.

References - Ironman Arizona athletes raise funds for Smile Train. - Driven by smiles - China Daily. - Two sides of charity: Competing, compassion - The Virginian-Pilot. - Bottom-Line Philanthropy - The New York Times. - Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery - The New York Times.