History and Development of Speech-Language Pathology
- Speech problems viewed as symptoms of disease in the 18th century
- Jean-Marc Itard theorised that stuttering was caused by nerve problems
- John Thelwall advocated for therapy practices like imitation and education
- Development of SLP into a profession influenced by elocution movement, scientific revolution, and rise of professionalism
- American Academy of Speech Correction founded in 1925, later became American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in 1978
- Elocutionists opposed the medical model
- SLP profession developed differently in different regions
- Trends influencing SLP evolution in the United States: elocution movement, scientific revolution, rise of professionalism
- Speech correctionist groups formed in the early 1900s
- American Academy of Speech Correction founded in 1925
- Became American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in 1978

The Profession of Speech-Language Pathology
- SLPs provide services on an individual basis
- Services include assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of communication and swallowing disorders
- SLPs work with individuals, families, support groups, and the general public
- Services provided in areas such as developmental language, cognitive aspects of communication, speech, language, and swallowing disorders, voice, and sensory awareness
- SLPs collaborate with paediatricians and psychologists for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and treatment

Multi-discipline Collaboration
- SLPs collaborate with other professionals in multi-disciplinary teams
- Collaboration with paediatricians and psychologists for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and treatment
- Collaboration with medical professionals for evaluation of esophageal function
- Collaboration with caregivers and communication partners for coaching
- Collaboration with professionals in other allied health professions

Working Environments and Education
- SLPs work in various clinical and educational settings
- Employment opportunities in hospitals, private practices, and skilled nursing facilities
- SLPs may work in schools, colleges, and universities
- Some SLPs provide services in community health settings
- Telepractice is becoming more common in speech-language therapy
- SLPs must hold a master's degree in communicative disorders/speech-language pathology
- Programs must be accredited by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)
- Clinical hours and comprehensive exams are required for licensure
- Completion of a clinical fellowship year (CFY) under a licensed mentor clinician
- ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) and state licensure are necessary for practice

Services and Applications of Speech-Language Pathology
- Provide information and referrals to audiologists, physicians, dentists, nurses, and other professionals
- Collaborate with multidisciplinary teams to address complex cases
- Work with occupational therapists, rehabilitation psychologists, and behavior consultants
- Support patients with cleft lip and palate through speech therapy
- Early language intervention can prevent compensatory error patterns
- Speech–language pathologists work with individuals who have a wide range of issues
- In the US, children can receive speech therapy services through the public school system or private therapy
- Teleconferencing tools like Skype are used for remote therapy sessions
- At-home or combination treatments are available for specific articulation disorders
- Mobile applications are used to bring speech therapy into the home
- In the UK, children are entitled to an assessment by local NHS speech- and language-therapy teams
- Speech therapists play a role in multi-disciplinary teams for children with speech delay or disorder
- The Children's Commissioner for England reported disparities in funding for speech therapy services
- In 2018, 193,971 children in English primary schools needed speech-therapy services
- Parents can request a direct assessment for their children
- Speech therapy is effective for aphasia following stroke
- It is also beneficial for individuals with Parkinson's disease
- Communication and swallowing problems can occur after a stroke
- Speech–language pathologists play a role in brain injury medicine
- Early intervention is effective in improving spoken language outcomes for children with congenital hearing loss
- Helps individuals with speech and language disorders improve their communication skills
- Plays a crucial role in early intervention for children with speech and language delays
- Supports individuals with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, in improving their voice and speech
- Provides therapy for individuals with auditory processing disorders
- Assists transgender individuals in voice and communication therapy
- Assess and diagnose speech and language disorders
- Develop individualised treatment plans for patients
- Provide therapy to improve speech articulation and language skills
- Collaborate with other healthcare professionals to address communication difficulties in individuals with neurological conditions
- Offer support and therapy for individuals with voice disorders
- Helps children develop age-appropriate speech and language skills
- Addresses speech sound disorders, such as articulation and phonological disorders
- Assists children with language disorders, including expressive and receptive language delays
- Supports children with fluency disorders, such as stuttering
- Provides intervention for children with speech and language difficulties associated with developmental disorders
- Assists adults with acquired communication disorders, such as aphasia due to stroke
- Helps individuals with voice disorders, such as vocal nodules or vocal cord paralysis
- Provides therapy for adults with speech and language difficulties associated with neurological conditions, like traumatic brain injury
- Supports individuals with cognitive-communication disorders, such as difficulties with attention, memory, and problem-solving
- Assists adults with accent modification or foreign accent reduction
- The Council on Academic Accreditation sets standards for graduate education programs in audiology and speech–language pathology
- Speech–language pathologists can pursue a clinical fellowship to gain experience
- The American Speech–Language–Hearing Association provides a professional profile for speech and language therapists
- The profession of speech–language pathology is classified under the code 29-1127.00
- Telepractice is a recognised method for delivering speech therapy services
- FOXP2 gene is associated with speech and language development
- Studies on language representation in the brain provide insights into developmental and acquired language disorders
- Screening for speech