Definition and characteristics of Torus Mandibularis - Bony growth in the mandible near the tongue - Located near premolars and above the mylohyoid muscle attachment - Usually present on both inner sides of the mandible - Vary in size between individuals - Prevalence ranges from 5-40%

Prevalence and demographics - Less common than torus palatinus (bony growth on the palate) - More common in Asian and Inuit populations - Slightly more common in males - Prevalence in the United States is 7-10% of the population

Causes and factors - Local stress on individual teeth is considered the most relevant factor - Development of tori is more common in early adulthood - Associated with bruxism (teeth grinding) - Size of tori may fluctuate throughout life - Believed to be the result of local stresses rather than solely genetic influences

Treatment and complications - Typically, tori are clinical findings without the necessity of treatment - Tori may complicate the fabrication of dentures - Surgery can reduce the amount of bone if removal is necessary - Tori may reform if nearby teeth continue to receive local stresses - Ulcers may form in the area of tori due to trauma during mastication or injury by utensils

References and external links - Neville, Brad W.; Damm, Douglas; Allen, Carl; Bouquot, Jerry (2002). Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. - Torus Mandibularis - Patient Care. consultantlive.com (dead link) - Gillis, Julie M., DDS (12 December 2013). What are Tori, And Why Do I Have Them?. juliegillisdds.com (dead link) - Oral & Maxiollofacial Pathology Cases: What Could This Be? Marquette University School of Dentistry (Archived from the original on 2006-10-17) - What are mandibular tori?. dentagama.com