Geography and Demographics - Coordinates: 48°12′30″N 16°22′21″E / 48.20833°N 16.37250°E / 48.20833; 16.37250 - Area: 414.78km (160.15sqmi) - Elevation: 151m (Lobau) – 542m (Hermannskogel) (495–1,778ft) - Surroundings: Completely surrounded by Lower Austria - Location: 50 km (31 mi) west of Slovakia, 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Hungary, and 60 km (37 mi) south of Moravia (Czech Republic) - Population: 2,002,821 - Population rank: 1st in Austria (6th in EU) - Population density: 4,326.1/km - Seats in the Federal Council: 11 / 61 - Metropolitan area population: 2.9 million (nearly one-third of the country's population) - Vienna located in northeastern Austria, at the easternmost extension of the Alps in the Vienna Basin - Settlement of Vienna was originally south of the Danube, now spanning both sides of the river - Elevation ranges from 151 to 542 meters - Vienna has a total area of 414.65 square kilometers, making it the largest city in Austria by area - Vienna has an oceanic climate, bordering on humid continental climate - Warm summers with periodic precipitations, reaching peak in July and August - Average high temperatures from June to September range from 21 to 27°C - Relatively dry and cold winters with average temperatures around freezing point - Moderate precipitation throughout the year, with local variations - 49.2% of Viennese were Catholic according to the 2001 census - 25.7% had no religion, 7.8% were Muslim, 6.0% were Eastern Orthodox, and 4.7% were Protestant - Vienna's Jewish community estimated to be between 8,000 and 15,000 members - Vienna has significant Catholic churches, including St. Stephen's Cathedral and Karlskirche - Muslims made up 30% of the total proportion of schoolchildren in Vienna in the spring of 2014 - Population of Vienna increased sharply during its time as the capital of Austria-Hungary - Vienna had the second-largest Czech population in the world around the start of the 20th century - Decline in Viennese population after World War I due to the return of Czechs and Hungarians - Population of Vienna stagnated or declined through the 20th century, with significant growth in the 2000 census - Vienna's population remained significantly below its reported peak in 1916

History - Early history: Continuous habitation since 500 BC by Celts - Roman influence: Romans fortified the frontier city called Vindobona in 15 BC - Babenberg dynasty: Vienna became the center of the Babenberg dynasty in 1145 - Habsburg dynasty: Vienna became the resident city of the Habsburg dynasty in 1440 - Austrian Empire: Vienna became the capital of the Austrian Empire in 1804 - Vienna as the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire - Major uprisings against Habsburg rule in 1848 - Suppression of the uprisings - Vienna remained the capital after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 - Center of classical music, known as the First Viennese School - Composers such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert - Development of Vienna in the late 19th and early 20th century - Transformation of bastions and glacis into the Ringstraße - Incorporation of former suburbs and dramatic growth of the city - Vienna became the capital of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918 - Center of high culture and modernism - Contributions in music, art, architecture, philosophy, and science - Red Vienna - Socialist politics from 1919 to 1934 - Social democrats won the majority in the municipal election - Jakob Reumann appointed as city mayor - Theoretical foundations of Austromarxism established by Otto Bauer, Karl Renner, and Max Adler - Brief but ambitious municipal experiment - Anschluss and World War II - Adolf Hitler's triumphant entry into Austria in 1938 - Harassment, looting, and deportation of Viennese Jews by Nazi authorities - Vienna lost its status as the capital to Berlin during Nazi Germany's rule - Destruction of synagogues and persecution of Jews during the November pogroms - Vienna became a center of resistance against the Nazis - Four-power Vienna - Vienna part of Soviet-occupied Eastern Austria until September 1945 - Divided into sectors by the US, UK, France, and Soviet Union - International zone in the first district with alternating control by the four powers - Concerns of a possible blockade like in Berlin during the Cold War - Soviets agreed to relinquish their occupation zones in Vienna in exchange for Austria's permanent neutrality - Austrian State Treaty and afterwards - Four-power control of Vienna until the Austrian State Treaty was signed in May 1955 - Reopening of the State Opera and the Burgtheater after reconstruction and restoration - Soviet Union signing the State Treaty after a political guarantee from the federal government - Neutrality law passed in October 1955, ensuring Austria's alignment with neither NATO nor the Soviet bloc - Vienna hosting international organizations such as the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency

Culture - UNESCO World Heritage Site: Historic Centre of Vienna - Cultural significance: Known as the City of Music due to its musical legacy - Famous musicians: Beethoven, Hay