Geography and Demographics
- Coordinates: 48°12′30″N 16°22′21″E / 48.20833°N 16.37250°E / 48.20833; 16.37250
- Area: 414.78km (160.15sqmi)
- Elevation: 151m (Lobau) – 542m (Hermannskogel) (495–1,778ft)
- Surroundings: Completely surrounded by Lower Austria
- Location: 50 km (31 mi) west of Slovakia, 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Hungary, and 60 km (37 mi) south of Moravia (Czech Republic)
- Population: 2,002,821
- Population rank: 1st in Austria (6th in EU)
- Population density: 4,326.1/km
- Seats in the Federal Council: 11 / 61
- Metropolitan area population: 2.9 million (nearly one-third of the country's population)
- Vienna located in northeastern Austria, at the easternmost extension of the Alps in the Vienna Basin
- Settlement of Vienna was originally south of the Danube, now spanning both sides of the river
- Elevation ranges from 151 to 542 meters
- Vienna has a total area of 414.65 square kilometers, making it the largest city in Austria by area
- Vienna has an oceanic climate, bordering on humid continental climate
- Warm summers with periodic precipitations, reaching peak in July and August
- Average high temperatures from June to September range from 21 to 27°C
- Relatively dry and cold winters with average temperatures around freezing point
- Moderate precipitation throughout the year, with local variations
- 49.2% of Viennese were Catholic according to the 2001 census
- 25.7% had no religion, 7.8% were Muslim, 6.0% were Eastern Orthodox, and 4.7% were Protestant
- Vienna's Jewish community estimated to be between 8,000 and 15,000 members
- Vienna has significant Catholic churches, including St. Stephen's Cathedral and Karlskirche
- Muslims made up 30% of the total proportion of schoolchildren in Vienna in the spring of 2014
- Population of Vienna increased sharply during its time as the capital of Austria-Hungary
- Vienna had the second-largest Czech population in the world around the start of the 20th century
- Decline in Viennese population after World War I due to the return of Czechs and Hungarians
- Population of Vienna stagnated or declined through the 20th century, with significant growth in the 2000 census
- Vienna's population remained significantly below its reported peak in 1916
History
- Early history: Continuous habitation since 500 BC by Celts
- Roman influence: Romans fortified the frontier city called Vindobona in 15 BC
- Babenberg dynasty: Vienna became the center of the Babenberg dynasty in 1145
- Habsburg dynasty: Vienna became the resident city of the Habsburg dynasty in 1440
- Austrian Empire: Vienna became the capital of the Austrian Empire in 1804
- Vienna as the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Major uprisings against Habsburg rule in 1848
- Suppression of the uprisings
- Vienna remained the capital after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
- Center of classical music, known as the First Viennese School
- Composers such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert
- Development of Vienna in the late 19th and early 20th century
- Transformation of bastions and glacis into the Ringstraße
- Incorporation of former suburbs and dramatic growth of the city
- Vienna became the capital of the Republic of German-Austria in 1918
- Center of high culture and modernism
- Contributions in music, art, architecture, philosophy, and science
- Red Vienna
- Socialist politics from 1919 to 1934
- Social democrats won the majority in the municipal election
- Jakob Reumann appointed as city mayor
- Theoretical foundations of Austromarxism established by Otto Bauer, Karl Renner, and Max Adler
- Brief but ambitious municipal experiment
- Anschluss and World War II
- Adolf Hitler's triumphant entry into Austria in 1938
- Harassment, looting, and deportation of Viennese Jews by Nazi authorities
- Vienna lost its status as the capital to Berlin during Nazi Germany's rule
- Destruction of synagogues and persecution of Jews during the November pogroms
- Vienna became a center of resistance against the Nazis
- Four-power Vienna
- Vienna part of Soviet-occupied Eastern Austria until September 1945
- Divided into sectors by the US, UK, France, and Soviet Union
- International zone in the first district with alternating control by the four powers
- Concerns of a possible blockade like in Berlin during the Cold War
- Soviets agreed to relinquish their occupation zones in Vienna in exchange for Austria's permanent neutrality
- Austrian State Treaty and afterwards
- Four-power control of Vienna until the Austrian State Treaty was signed in May 1955
- Reopening of the State Opera and the Burgtheater after reconstruction and restoration
- Soviet Union signing the State Treaty after a political guarantee from the federal government
- Neutrality law passed in October 1955, ensuring Austria's alignment with neither NATO nor the Soviet bloc
- Vienna hosting international organizations such as the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Culture
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: Historic Centre of Vienna
- Cultural significance: Known as the City of Music due to its musical legacy
- Famous musicians: Beethoven, Hay
This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. (September 2023) |
Vienna (/viˈɛnə/ ⓘ vee-EN-ə; German: Wien [viːn] ⓘ; Austro-Bavarian: Wean [veɐ̯n]) is the capital, largest city, and one of nine federal states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's most populous city and its primate city, with about two million inhabitants (2.9 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one-third of the country's population), and its cultural, economic, and political center. It is the sixth-largest city proper by population in the European Union and the largest of all cities on the Danube river by population.
Vienna | |
|---|---|
Capital city, federal state and municipality | |
 Flag  Seal  Logo | |
  Vienna Location within Austria  Vienna Location within Europe | |
| Coordinates: 48°12′30″N 16°22′21″E / 48.20833°N 16.37250°E | |
| Country | Austria |
| Federal state | Vienna |
| Government | |
| • Body | State and Municipality Diet |
| • Mayor and Governor | Michael Ludwig (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| • Capital city, federal state and municipality | 414.78 km2 (160.15 sq mi) |
| • Land | 395.25 km2 (152.61 sq mi) |
| • Water | 19.39 km2 (7.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 151 (Lobau) – 542 (Hermannskogel) m (495–1,778 ft) |
| Population | 2,002,821 |
| • Rank | 1st in Austria (6th in EU) |
| • Density | 4,326.1/km2 (11,205/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,223,236 ("Kernzone") |
| • Metro | 2,890,577 |
| • Ethnicity |
|
| Demonym(s) | German: Wiener (m), Wienerin (f) Viennese |
| GDP | |
| • City | €101.960 billion (2021) |
| • Per capita | €53,000 (2021) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code |
|
| ISO 3166 code | AT-9 |
| Vehicle registration | W |
| HDI (2019) | 0.947 very high · 1st of 9 |
| Seats in the Federal Council | 11 / 61 |
| GeoTLD | .wien |
| Website | wien |
| Official name | Historic Centre of Vienna |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv, vi |
| Designated | 2001 (25th session) |
| Reference no. | 1033 |
| UNESCO Region | Europe and North America |
| Endangered | 2017–present |
The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald)—the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria—at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is also traversed by the highly regulated Wienfluss (Vienna River). Vienna is completely surrounded by Lower Austria, and lies around 50 km (31 mi) west of Slovakia and its capital Bratislava, 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Hungary, and 60 km (37 mi) south of Moravia (Czech Republic).
The once Celtic settlement of Vedunia was converted by the Romans into the castrum and canaba Vindobona (province of Pannonia) in the 1st century, and was elevated to a municipium with Roman city rights in 212. This was followed by a time in the sphere of influece of the Lombards and later the Pannonian Avars, when Slavs formed the majority of the region's population. From the 8th century on, the region was settled by the Baiuvarii. In 976, the Babenbergs established the Margraviate of Austria. In 1221, Vienna was granted city rights by Leopold VI. The reign of the Habsburgs started in 1278. In 1558, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, which it remained until 1806. It was the capital of the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867, and of the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918, and subsequently became the capital of Austria.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had two million inhabitants. Today, it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. In 2001, the city center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.
Vienna has been called the "City of Music" due to its musical legacy, as many famous classical musicians such as Beethoven, Haydn, Mahler, Mozart and Schubert called Vienna home. It is well known for having played a pivotal role as a leading European music center, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. Vienna is also said to be the "City of Dreams" because it was home to the world's first psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud. The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.
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