Cause and Prevalence of Condylar Hyperplasia - Unknown cause of condylar hyperplasia - Theories suggest trauma or increased loading of the temporomandibular joint - Predominantly affects women (64% of patients) - Estimated that about 30% of people with facial asymmetry have condylar hyperplasia

Diagnosis of Condylar Hyperplasia - PA cephalometry, panoramic radiograph, and nuclear imaging used for diagnosis - Nuclear imaging techniques such as SPECT, PET, and bone scintigraphy are commonly used - SPECT imaging shows increased uptake on affected side - A difference of at least 10% or a minimum ratio of 55% to 45% uptake indicates active condylar growth - Diagnosis requires multiple data points

Classification of Condylar Hyperplasia - Hugo Obwegeser and Makek classified condylar hyperplasia into three categories (Type 1 and Type 2) - Type 1 develops characteristics from horizontal vector, Type 2 from vertical vector - Type 1 occurs 15 times more commonly than Type 2 - Wolford et al. developed an updated classification in 2014 - Slootweg & Muller devised a histopathological classification for condylar tissues

Treatment Options for Condylar Hyperplasia - Orthognathic surgery can be performed after active condylar growth has finished - Surgery aims to minimize facial asymmetry - Condylectomy involves removing part of the growing condyle to stop active growth - Condylectomy can be done with articular disk repositioning and orthognathic surgery - Treatment options depend on individual cases

References - Olate, Sergio et al. (2013) - Review of diagnosis and treatment protocol - Landesberg, R. et al. (1995) - Separation and characterization of cellular elements in the growth center - Obwegeser, H. L. et al. (1986) - Detailed classification of condylar hyperplasia - Olate, Sergio et al. (2013) - Considerations for diagnosis in consecutive patients - Alyamani, Ahmed et al. (2012) - Management of patients with condylar hyperplasia