Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes - Polyuria - Thirst - Weight loss - Blurred vision - Fatigue

Long-term Complications of Diabetes - Cardiovascular disease - Diabetic retinopathy - Diabetic nephropathy - Diabetic neuropathy - Increased risk of gallstones

Types and Prevalence of Diabetes - Type 1 diabetes (accounts for 5 to 10% of cases, most common in patients under 20 years) - Type 2 diabetes (accounts for about 90% of cases) - Hybrid forms of diabetes - Hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy - Other specific types of diabetes - Estimated 537 million people with diabetes worldwide in 2021 - Prevalence expected to increase to 783 million adults by 2045 - Prevalence increasing most dramatically in low- and middle-income nations - Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death globally

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Diabetes - Diagnosis: fasting plasma glucose level, plasma glucose level two hours after a glucose load, symptoms of high blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin level - Prevention: islet autoimmunity, maintaining a normal body weight, physical activity, healthy diet - Management: blood sugar control through dietary changes, exercise, weight loss, medications, attention to other health problems, specialised footwear

Lifestyle Factors, Complications, and Treatment Options - Lifestyle factors and genetics as primary causes of type 2 diabetes - Complications and impact of diabetes on birth weight, childhood experiences, antipsychotic medication, pancreas damage, double diabetes - Lifestyle modifications for blood pressure control, weight loss, dietary patterns - Other considerations such as foot examination, type 2 diabetes self-management interventions for those with severe mental illness, smoking cessation - Medications for diabetes treatment, blood pressure lowering, and the use of aspirin - Weight loss surgery and pancreas transplant as options for severe cases of diabetes