Liver Diseases - Ground glass hepatocytes - Primary biliary cirrhosis - Budd–Chiari syndrome - Micrograph of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Fascioliasis, a parasitic infection caused by liver fluke - Hepatitis, inflammation of the liver caused by viruses or toxins - Alcoholic liver disease, a manifestation of alcohol overconsumption - Fatty liver disease, reversible condition with fat accumulation in liver cells - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome - Hereditary diseases causing liver damage, such as hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease - Transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, where mutated protein affects liver - Gilbert's syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting bilirubin metabolism - Cirrhosis, fibrosis formation in place of liver cells, causing chronic liver failure - Primary liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma - Primary biliary cirrhosis, a serious autoimmune disease of bile capillaries - Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the bile duct - Budd–Chiari syndrome, clinical picture caused by hepatic vein occlusion

Signs and Symptoms - Jaundice - Confusion and altered consciousness (hepatic encephalopathy) - Thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy - Risk of bleeding, especially in the gastrointestinal tract

Mechanisms - Liver diseases develop through several mechanisms - DNA damage is a shared mechanism in major liver diseases - Viral infection increases reactive oxygen species and causes inflammation - Alcohol consumption leads to DNA damage and oxidative stress - Obesity increases pro-inflammatory cytokines and deoxycholic acid, causing DNA damage and inflammation in the liver

Other Relevant Aspects - Several liver diseases are due to viral infections like Hepatitis B and C - Vertical transmission of viral hepatitides can occur during birth - High alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver diseases and liver cancer - Fat accumulation in liver cells and inflammation contribute to alcoholic liver disease - Cirrhosis can develop in advanced stages of alcoholic liver disease

Air Pollutants - Particulate matter and carbon black are common pollutants - They have a direct toxic effect on the liver and cause inflammation - Impact on lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease - Translocation from lungs to the liver through extrapulmonary circulation - Water-soluble fractions of particulate matter play a significant role in translocation