Specialty and Subspecialties of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Oral and maxillofacial surgeons treat the entire craniomaxillofacial complex and specialize in the anatomical area of the mouth, jaws, face, and skull.
- Subspecialties include cosmetic facial surgery, cranio-maxillofacial trauma, craniofacial surgery/pediatric maxillofacial surgery, head and neck cancer and microvascular reconstruction, and maxillofacial regeneration.

Recognition and Regulation of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Different Regions
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery is recognized as a specialty of medicine in the UK and most of Europe, requiring a degree in medicine and dentistry.
- In Canada, Asia, and Scandinavia, it is recognized as a dental specialty, requiring a degree in dentistry before undergoing surgical residency training.
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery is an internationally recognized surgical specialty, formally designated as a medical, dental, or dual specialty.

Introduction and Development of Anesthesia Techniques in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Anesthesia was introduced in oral and maxillofacial surgery by Dr. Horace Wells in 1844 and Dr. William Thomas Green Morton in 1846.
- Dr. Ferdinand Hasbrouck succeeded in the regular and commercial use of anesthesia in private surgical practice, and Dr. Niels Jorgensen developed intravenous moderate sedation.
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery maintains a close educational and professional relationship with anesthesiology.

Role of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Plastic Surgery
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery played a crucial role in the recognition of plastic surgery as a surgical specialty in the United States.
- Dr. Varaztad Kazanjian and Dr. Robert H. Ivy made significant contributions to plastic surgery through their work in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Education, Training, and Occupation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery is recognized as a dental specialty in the US, Australia, and South Africa, with residency training programs lasting four to six years.
- It is one of the most highly compensated surgical specialties in the United States and offers career opportunities for individuals with a medical degree as their first degree.
- Education and training typically take 12 to 14 years, with additional specialization through fellowships. Board certification is achieved through residency training.