Periodontal Examination Techniques - A periodontal examination is a clinical examination of the periodontium (gums). - Different techniques used worldwide include the CPITN, PSR, BPE, and PEPE. - The CPITN was created by the World Health Organization in 1978 to provide a global standard. - The PSR is increasingly used in the United States, Canada, and Brazil. - The British Society of Periodontology recommends the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE). - The mouth is divided into sextants for the BPE, excluding wisdom teeth. - A sextant must have at least 2 teeth present to be scored. - The probe measures the depth of gingival crevices/periodontal pockets. - The BPE score determines the treatment needed based on the worst finding in a sextant.

CPITN Index - The CPITN index is a periodontal screening tool derived from the WHO 621 probe. - It categorizes periodontal conditions based on pocket depth and the presence of calculus. - The index includes categories for no disease, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocketing, shallow pockets, and deep pockets.

PSR Index - The PSR system is based on the CPITN index and was introduced to the United States in 1992. - It is a screening tool for periodontal conditions. - The index includes categories for no disease, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocketing, shallow pockets, and deep pockets. - An additional star is added to indicate other issues that must be considered, such as furcation or gingival recession. - The PSR system is widely used in the United States.

Spanish Periodontal Examination - The Spanish Periodontal Examination assesses specific teeth for probing depth, bleeding on probing, and loss of attachment. - Teeth 16, 11, 25, 32, 36, and 45 are evaluated. - If these teeth are absent, adjacent teeth or the closest clinically affected teeth are assessed. - The examination considers horizontal bone loss, vertical defects, and bitewing images. - It provides a comprehensive assessment of periodontal health in these specific teeth.

General Information - Periodontal examinations are routinely carried out in dentistry and allied specialties. - The PSR index is widely used in the United States, Canada, and Brazil. - The Spanish Periodontal Examination provides a comprehensive assessment of periodontal health in specific teeth.