History and Development of Resonance Frequency Analysis
- Resonance frequency analysis first suggested as an alternative method in 1996 by Meredith N et al.
- Osstell AB formed in 1999 to commercialize the technique.
- New technique involved connecting a small transducer to implants.
- Radiographs are valuable but standardised technique needed for repeatability.

Scientific Foundations of Resonance Frequency Analysis
- RFA devices based on principles of percussion or tapping.
- Percussion sound indicates level of implant stability.
- Low-pitched, dull sound indicates loose bond with bone.
- High-pitched, crystalline sound indicates tight connection.
- RFA uses vibrations on a micro scale to determine stability.

Measurement and Assessment with Resonance Frequency Analysis
- Frequency readings translated to Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ).
- ISQ values used for assessment and ongoing monitoring.
- Reading of 55 or below indicates excessive lateral movement.
- Increasing resonance frequency indicates osseointegration.
- Measurements over time indicate rate of osseointegration.

References and Studies on Resonance Frequency Analysis
- Bilbao A et al. (2009) assessed dental implant stability using RFA.
- Veltri M et al. (2009) investigated soft bone primary stability.
- Valderrama Pilar (2007) evaluated two different RFA devices.
- Meredith N. et al. (1996) quantitatively determined implant stability.
- Konstantinovic Vitomir (2015) assessed implant stability using RFA.

Utilization and Benefits of Resonance Frequency Analysis
- RFA has scientific interest due to increasing demand for dental implants.
- RFA is non-invasive and objective for evaluating implant viability.
- ISQ values inform treatment plans based on clinical studies.
- RFA can assess secondary stability before attaching prosthesis.
- Rate of osseointegration guides treatment planning.