Medical uses and increasing use of dental implants - Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth, support dental prosthetics, decrease movement in a lower denture, and support a bridge of teeth. - The integration of implant and bone can support physical loads for decades. - In the US, the usage of dental implants has been increasing, with 5.7% of patients missing at least one tooth in 2015-2016 and a projected potential reach of 26% in 2026. - Dental implants can also be used in orthodontics and facial prosthetics.

Different types of dental implant restorations - Single tooth implant restorations are used to replace missing individual teeth, with an implant abutment secured to the implant and a crown connected to the abutment. - Implant-supported fixed bridges are a group of teeth secured to dental implants, with the prosthesis supported and retained by one or more implants. - Implant-supported overdentures replace teeth using implants, providing improved support, retention, and stability compared to traditional dentures. - Implant-supported bridges can replace as few as two teeth or an entire arch.

Orthodontic mini-implants and small diameter implants - Orthodontic mini-implants, also known as temporary anchorage devices (TAD), provide additional anchorage points for orthodontic movement. - Small diameter implants, or mini implants, provide immediate functioning transitional prostheses and are suitable for patients with inadequate bone structure.

Composition, technique, and biomechanical considerations of dental implants - Dental implants are made of titanium, with commercially pure titanium (CP4) commonly used for implants and grade 5 titanium (Titanium 6AL-4V) used for abutment screws and abutments. - Implants can also be made of ceramic (zirconia-based). - Planning techniques involve creating guides and simulations, using plaster models, and loading CT scans to CAD/CAM software for treatment simulation. - Biomechanical considerations include ensuring implants support forces evenly to prevent fractures or loss of bone, considering the location of implants based on biologic and mechanical factors, and using CT scanning to identify vital structures and plan surgery accurately.

Risk of BRONJ, main surgical procedures, timing of implants after tooth extraction, and one versus two-stage surgery - The risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) from dental implant placement is low, but higher with intravenous therapy, procedures on the lower jaw, and certain medical conditions. - The main surgical procedure for dental implants involves making an incision, reflecting the flap of tissue, creating an osteotomy, placing the implant fixture, attaching a healing abutment, and suturing the gingiva. - Timing of implants after tooth extraction can be immediate, delayed immediate (two weeks to three months after extraction), or late (three months or more after extraction). - One-stage and two-stage surgeries have similar implant survival rates, with the choice depending on soft tissue management and the condition of the tissue. - Internal components of dental implants include healing abutments and cover screws, and soft tissue management is a concern in the choice between one-stage and two-stage surgeries.