History and Importance of Tooth Brushing
- Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and Indians used various materials for tooth brushing.
- Modern toothbrushes were developed in England in 1780.
- Tooth brushing became widespread in the United States after World War II.
- Proper tooth brushing prevents cavities, gum disease, and tartar formation.
- Poor dental health is associated with heart disease and shortened life expectancy.
- Harmful bacteria can build up on teeth and gums without proper oral hygiene.
- Bad breath can result from not brushing teeth.

Tooth Brushing Guidelines and Techniques
- Brushing every 48 hours maintains gum and tooth health.
- Modern toothpastes have minimal abrasion of dentin.
- Brushing with manual or sonic toothbrushes does not cause significant wear.
- Composite fillings are not affected by tooth brushing.
- Young adults tend to brush longer on the grinding surfaces of back teeth.
- Techniques include scrub, Fones, Hirschfeld, Bass, and Modified Bass.

Contamination and Decontamination of Toothbrushes
- Bacteria can survive on toothbrushes for over 24 hours in moist conditions.
- Brushes can be decontaminated by soaking in mouthwash.
- Mouthwashes reduce plaque if they contain essential oils or chlorhexidine gluconate.
- Harmful bacteria can be present on brushes and contribute to infection.
- Side effects of mouthwashes include poor taste and oral irritation.

Toothbrush and Toothpaste
- Toothbrush consists of a small brush on a handle.
- Manual and electric varieties are available.
- Evidence suggests electric toothbrushes with oscillatory motion are more effective.
- Toothpaste is commonly used in conjunction with a toothbrush.
- Addition of xylitol to fluoride-containing toothpastes reduces tooth decay incidence.
- Fluoride toothpaste use in young children has specific guidelines.

Tooth Brushing Before Meals and Common Mistakes
- Brushing immediately after an acidic meal can cause more damage to enamel and dentin.
- Flushing acid away with water or dissolved baking soda can help reduce acid damage.
- It is recommended to brush before breakfast or dinner, especially after consuming acidic beverages.
- Care should be taken to avoid brushing immediately after consuming acidic foods or drinks.
- Common mistakes include neglecting to brush the tongue, using excessive force, and not replacing toothbrushes regularly.