Family Friendly & Specialty Dentists in London, UK
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Introduction to Surgery
- Definition of surgery
- Invasive nature of surgery
- Types of surgery (elective, semi-elective, emergency, exploratory, therapeutic)
- Types of surgical procedures (amputation, resection, excision, repair, grafting)
- Surgical specialties (cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, vascular surgery, urological surgery)
- Degree of invasiveness in surgery (conventional open surgery, minimally invasive procedures, ablation, reconstruction, transplantation)
Surgical Techniques and Procedures
- Minimally invasive surgical procedures (smaller incisions, laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, microsurgery, endoscopic surgery, robotic surgery)
- Terminology of surgical procedures (excision surgery, cutting into an organ or tissue, minimally invasive procedures, formation of a permanent or semi-permanent opening, reconstruction/plastic/cosmetic surgery, repair of damaged or abnormal structure, reoperation or redo)
- Description of surgical procedure (location of surgery, modern surgery in an operating theater, principles of aseptic technique, operating room staff requirements, importance of aseptic technique to prevent infections)
Preoperative Care
- Medical examination and pre-operative tests
- ASA physical status classification system
- Consent form and surgical clearance
- Autologous blood donation and bowel prep
- Preoperative fasting and controversy over unnecessary tests
Staging and Intraoperative Phase
- Importance of the pre-operative holding area and information sharing
- Changing into surgical attire and confirming surgery details
- Recording vital signs, placing a peripheral IV line, and administering pre-operative medications
- Cleaning and preparing the operating field
- Sterile draping of the surgical site and separation of the anesthetist/anesthesiologists' area from the sterile field
- Intraoperative phase (incision, clamping/cauterizing blood vessels, use of retractors, approach to surgical site)
Postoperative Care
- Transfer to post-anesthesia care unit
- Assessment of general function and outcome
- Checking surgical site for signs of infection
- Risk factors for postoperative complications
- Postoperative therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, medication)
