Active Appliances - Active appliances apply forces to change the relationship of the teeth. - Removable active appliances are used for simple tipping movements. - Expansion and labial segment alignment appliance (ELSAA) - Begg lightwire appliances - Pre-adjusted edgewise appliances - Self-ligating edgewise appliances - Bi helix - Tri helix - Quad helix - Palatal expander/rapid maxillary expansion appliance (RME) - Tip-edge appliance

Functional Appliances - Functional appliances correct malocclusion by utilizing muscle action and tooth eruption. - They are mostly used to reduce the projection of front teeth in class II malocclusion. - Functional appliances are not effective at correcting dental irregularities. - They are usually followed by treatment with fixed appliances. - Functional appliances have limited success in treating class III malocclusion.

Orthodontic Headgear - Orthodontic headgear aids in correcting severe bite problems. - It holds back the growth of the upper jaw to allow the lower jaw to catch up. - Headgear can create space for teeth to come in. - Headgear needs to be worn for 12 to 22 hours a day to be effective. - Orthodontic facemask and reverse-pull headgear are used to control the growth of the maxillary and mandibular bones.

Fixed Functional Appliances - Herbst appliance realigns the jaw to correct overbites. - It attaches rings to the top and bottom teeth and is worn with braces. - Twin block appliance consists of two separate appliances that work together to move the lower jaw forward. - Fixed Lingual Mandibular Growth Modificator (FLMGM) has permanent effects and is esthetically pleasing. - FLMGM can be used in parallel with complete multibracket appliances in both arches.

Digital Orthodontic Technology - Orthodontic assessment consists of case history, clinical examination, model analysis, functional analysis, cephalometric analysis, radiographic analysis, and photographic analysis - Digital radiography offers benefits such as decreased environmental burdens, improved accuracy, time efficiency, reduced radiation, and improved diagnosis and treatment planning - 3D radiography provides benefits for assessing TMJ problems, impacted teeth, and tooth eruptions - Digital scanners replace plaster model impressions, providing more accurate impressions and increased patient comfort - Digital scanners allow for electronic transfer of scans and removal of defects before printing aligners and retainers - Digital scanners enable improved collaboration between offices and enhance the accuracy of treatment planning and outcomes