Active Appliances
- Active appliances apply forces to change the relationship of the teeth.
- Removable active appliances are used for simple tipping movements.
- Expansion and labial segment alignment appliance (ELSAA)
- Begg lightwire appliances
- Pre-adjusted edgewise appliances
- Self-ligating edgewise appliances
- Bi helix
- Tri helix
- Quad helix
- Palatal expander/rapid maxillary expansion appliance (RME)
- Tip-edge appliance

Functional Appliances
- Functional appliances correct malocclusion by utilizing muscle action and tooth eruption.
- They are mostly used to reduce the projection of front teeth in class II malocclusion.
- Functional appliances are not effective at correcting dental irregularities.
- They are usually followed by treatment with fixed appliances.
- Functional appliances have limited success in treating class III malocclusion.

Orthodontic Headgear
- Orthodontic headgear aids in correcting severe bite problems.
- It holds back the growth of the upper jaw to allow the lower jaw to catch up.
- Headgear can create space for teeth to come in.
- Headgear needs to be worn for 12 to 22 hours a day to be effective.
- Orthodontic facemask and reverse-pull headgear are used to control the growth of the maxillary and mandibular bones.

Fixed Functional Appliances
- Herbst appliance realigns the jaw to correct overbites.
- It attaches rings to the top and bottom teeth and is worn with braces.
- Twin block appliance consists of two separate appliances that work together to move the lower jaw forward.
- Fixed Lingual Mandibular Growth Modificator (FLMGM) has permanent effects and is esthetically pleasing.
- FLMGM can be used in parallel with complete multibracket appliances in both arches.

Digital Orthodontic Technology
- Orthodontic assessment consists of case history, clinical examination, model analysis, functional analysis, cephalometric analysis, radiographic analysis, and photographic analysis
- Digital radiography offers benefits such as decreased environmental burdens, improved accuracy, time efficiency, reduced radiation, and improved diagnosis and treatment planning
- 3D radiography provides benefits for assessing TMJ problems, impacted teeth, and tooth eruptions
- Digital scanners replace plaster model impressions, providing more accurate impressions and increased patient comfort
- Digital scanners allow for electronic transfer of scans and removal of defects before printing aligners and retainers
- Digital scanners enable improved collaboration between offices and enhance the accuracy of treatment planning and outcomes